tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33235033826462893822024-03-13T19:15:45.316+00:00Research Impact@St AndrewsA small sampling of the benefits to society resulting from research at the University of St AndrewsResearch Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-8694781041938673352017-08-01T16:19:00.000+01:002017-08-01T16:19:17.457+01:00Virtual time travel through pre-reformation Edinburgh <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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In “A View from a Hill”, a ghost story by M. R. James, an archaeologist’s binoculars allows them to see scenes from the past. <a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/Edinburgh1544/index.html">The Edinburgh 1544</a> project enables visitors and residents of Edinburgh to see the city as it was just prior to the reformation.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ-v8nLe1W6JiJOjRjlPIH78tNIycfNOOi4FokYz9XL0R1TW5ovtZZndjYq2Y7F-QEi367g1R5C9hGIc3ZAeYkJGL5KIyvHYjlUEDaNM3zkBDkUpZeqrlxP7ynDJLAgHN8pnTfpu13S-M/s1600/Edi+reconstruction+map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="859" data-original-width="1532" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ-v8nLe1W6JiJOjRjlPIH78tNIycfNOOi4FokYz9XL0R1TW5ovtZZndjYq2Y7F-QEi367g1R5C9hGIc3ZAeYkJGL5KIyvHYjlUEDaNM3zkBDkUpZeqrlxP7ynDJLAgHN8pnTfpu13S-M/s400/Edi+reconstruction+map.png" width="400" /></a></div>
We use mobile phones and the Google Daydream platform to deliver an onsite dual reality experience. As visitors explore the sites of Edinburgh, they can see into the past using their digital time travel binoculars. The app is mobile and orientation aware, automatically delivering the correct view. A map interface allows an engaging experience for remote virtual visitors as well.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/208677167" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="640"></iframe>
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<a href="https://vimeo.com/208677167">Virtual Time Binoculars - Edinburgh 1544</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/user40599170">Smart History</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com/">Vimeo</a>.</div>
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The binoculars app enables the user experience to be optimised for technology they already have in their pockets.<br />
<ul>
<li>It makes virtual time travel a reality and available to mass audiences. </li>
<li>It provides a new way of interacting with the past that both enriches the visitor experience and provides insights into the past not otherwise readily available. </li>
</ul>
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<b>What is the research? </b><br />
The VTB design draws upon EPSRC-funded research at the University of St Andrews into dual reality systems where the virtual and real worlds occupy the same space. Position and orientation within the two worlds are synchronised enabling intuitive exploration of both worlds through movement in the real world. The <a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/web/">Smart History</a> team investigated dual reality systems through exploring inside (St Salvators Chapel) and outside (St Andrews Cathedral) using modified Oculus Rift and Google Cardboard VR headsets. This led them to observe that users tended to look around whilst using the headsets.<br />
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Observation of users led the researchers to a viewpoint-oriented approach, where high fidelity 360 photographs of a reconstruction were used and developed in the UNREAL4 Game Engine. This allowed the digital content to be hosted and displayed on mobile platforms and does not require the virtual reality viewer to be tethered to a bulky computer.<br />
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<b>How is it applicable? </b><br />
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This research has been applied within <a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/web/?page_id=99">The Virtual Time Binoculars</a> (VTB) project and is a core component of the Smart History company founded by <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/staff/katiestevenson.html">Dr Katie Stevenson</a> from the <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/">School of History</a> and <a href="https://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/directory/person?id=alanr">Dr Alan Miller</a> from the <a href="https://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Computer Science</a>. The VTB is a Edinburgh Digital Launchpad project funded by Innovate UK.<br />
<br />
In VTB the team developed a digital reconstruction of pre-reformation Edinburgh. The <a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/web/?page_id=71">Smart History team</a> brings together a multi-disciplinary team of Computer Scientists, Digital Designers, Digital Media producers, Historians and Museum Professional. They have CAA-approved drone pilots, Google-approved 360 photographers and prize-winning historians working together to create engaging mobile onsite experiences.<br />
<br />
The historical work has been conducted in consultation with <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/richard-fawcett(195f2dd4-deee-4e89-84b0-e8ab083801d6).html">Prof. Richard Fawcett</a> of the <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/">School of Art History</a> and John Lawson, a Edinburgh City Council Historian. They also worked with the National Trust for Scotland and the Timespan Museum and Gallery in developing the technology used in the app. They have worked with Edinburgh City Museum to provide a permanent showcase for the project.<br />
<br />
The Medieval Edinburgh App was launched at the start of May 2017. It is expected that the VTB will become a ‘must have’ part of the experience of visiting Edinburgh.<br />
<a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/Edinburgh1544/16th_Century_Edinburgh.html#Reconstruction">View reconstructions</a><br />
<a href="http://www.smarthistory.co.uk/Edinburgh1544/about.html">More information</a>Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-50638012180107791902017-07-28T17:03:00.000+01:002017-07-28T17:03:04.683+01:00The use of creative art for explaining organic semiconductors<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqd6yMfMhyphenhypheniE4JA7_XjrU6lcp9t1EYk__7Tc_rJ65KmK-THwWzIeBlaCWh0cv0prDdHAaROsC0PYZsXvxub21ecwezAWv2_iEB9pLiUyyZGJgrHaqsMIMipA0wkywSLWXD7t7ZAJ4Md7c/s1600/Panova.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="238" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqd6yMfMhyphenhypheniE4JA7_XjrU6lcp9t1EYk__7Tc_rJ65KmK-THwWzIeBlaCWh0cv0prDdHAaROsC0PYZsXvxub21ecwezAWv2_iEB9pLiUyyZGJgrHaqsMIMipA0wkywSLWXD7t7ZAJ4Md7c/s200/Panova.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://www.nedyalkapanova.com/">Nedyalka Panova</a> is an artist-in-residence inthe <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/index.php">School of Physics & Astronom</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">y</a>. Her work explores the boundaries between art and science, organic and inorganic, natural, synthetic and manmade. Nedyalka works in collaboration with the <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/osc/home.shtml">Organic Semiconductor Centre</a> led by <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/PHP_Global/Staff_Info.php?id=70">Prof. Ifor Samuel</a> on “The use of creative art for explaining organic semiconductors”. The purpose of the project was to give a higher visibility to the interesting phenomenon of organic semiconductors using their aesthetic values.<br />
<br />
Interdisciplinary collaboration such as this, between artists and scientists, brings together experts from different fields. The result is art exhibitions which provide a different way for the public to access or connect with the science.<br />
<br />
While the concept of the colours and shapes of natural materials have inspired artists in their studies of nature for centuries, progress by scientists in material science has created a new range of synthetic materials which are manufactured in entirely different ways. In this context, contemporary art and science start asking new questions, such as:<br />
<ul>
<li>How can art respond to the colours that are invisible to visible light? </li>
<li>How can invisible 2-D imprinted patterns be used as colours and structures? </li>
</ul>
<br />
The line between the past and the future modern technological world is drawn with a nanoscale precision and the question is:<br />
<ul>
<li>Are these new technological tools also a new media for creative endeavours? </li>
</ul>
Organic semiconductors combine properties of both metals and organic polymers with their capacity to conduct electricity. This opens new doors for applications in light communication, organic LED displays, healthcare and harvesting energy from abundant natural sources such as sunlight. Their general target is to offer an alternative solution to the existing inorganic electronic components or to combine the best of both worlds in a new generation of hybrid devices.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK-roL2U-VhiEzoQb9sW3kLrY1RszzEBMlqaMC0JZ5_w9t76Je89lMeQMQ9UFVmZuDofxpTTUgDkcwtR_SJ5tzmcyD6NoWZ-oKCuJw9_LTOCf2z2mdrBupIOmpOHf9LTsaD8EC38yZD5c/s1600/Fri3_Nedyalka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="756" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK-roL2U-VhiEzoQb9sW3kLrY1RszzEBMlqaMC0JZ5_w9t76Je89lMeQMQ9UFVmZuDofxpTTUgDkcwtR_SJ5tzmcyD6NoWZ-oKCuJw9_LTOCf2z2mdrBupIOmpOHf9LTsaD8EC38yZD5c/s320/Fri3_Nedyalka.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Arabidopsis Thaliana</i> seed germination used for explosive sensing. <br />
Image: Nedyalka Panova (2016)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-53831339113395558682017-04-26T09:12:00.000+01:002017-04-26T09:12:21.010+01:00PHASE 1: University and secondary school research collaboration<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhegK24n6sw7D9YKRwxaaAJtgXillRkqHUj01XD8fmVXc-e-ycZh5aN_wJ62j6hsfPio4p5l4qdFY_FEwMjV0FUOAxBU2DGgiNL25Qs2BHStrn7Xm9EoBaUbY0GD6RMiwX0viKQcP_8K08/s1600/Maneesh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhegK24n6sw7D9YKRwxaaAJtgXillRkqHUj01XD8fmVXc-e-ycZh5aN_wJ62j6hsfPio4p5l4qdFY_FEwMjV0FUOAxBU2DGgiNL25Qs2BHStrn7Xm9EoBaUbY0GD6RMiwX0viKQcP_8K08/s1600/Maneesh.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maneesh Kuruvilla</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In the summer of 2016, Maneesh Kuruvilla, a Postgraduate Researcher in the School of Psychology & Neuroscience, won the St Andrews final of Three Minute Thesis and was awarded £500 to run a public engagement with research project.<br />
<br />
<b>This is what he did.....</b><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA_92bZwv0Yo22LwEMSk07Z0gQLx6N-cTrWfJtbf-g9ubq9uqf0S6r5ttcxleMCf9q4u47qtqbnHHu9kAv43Tb6A67aStpYqYbmpY8J9rQwHd6o4Ns2WeQgheAoI1lrkVsp5beNibfuxc/s1600/Phase+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA_92bZwv0Yo22LwEMSk07Z0gQLx6N-cTrWfJtbf-g9ubq9uqf0S6r5ttcxleMCf9q4u47qtqbnHHu9kAv43Tb6A67aStpYqYbmpY8J9rQwHd6o4Ns2WeQgheAoI1lrkVsp5beNibfuxc/s200/Phase+1.png" width="200" /></a>I came up with the idea of <a href="http://www.ourmemoriesourselves.com/phase">PHASE 1</a>, a Platform for Honing and Accelerating Scientific Excellence aimed at introducing my passion for research to students at Madras College. Through PHASE 1, I hope to not only equip students with research skills
for university but to also encourage future cohorts of school students
to take up Higher Psychology courses.<br />
<br />
I pitched my idea to the Depute Head Teacher and Higher Psychology Teacher at Madras College, a local secondary school in St Andrews.What makes Madras College unique is that it offers students a Higher Psychology course. Students who take this course must conduct their own psychology research projects.<br />
<br />
Over several months I went into the Higher Psychology classes and delivered modules on various aspects of research fundamentals, design and methodology. We then selected students who had expressed a desire to pursue Psychology at university. The students worked in two groups and chose their research areas of interest, designed studies, formulated hypotheses and collected data by recruiting their peers to participate in their experiments.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKm7YT8pTuJm7actawdNmXtk4_zcZaT-rE73Yysx-bwXmAxa2E1fkWjwjWsyNTexHEwSyj8xoEGBZ5-jyaf2vMH7iSq9eWmgkVN0Wz-0j6klId8Wh4N-50gOE5ivtwCOO5LQ2hVtzhYg/s1600/Phase1_group2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKm7YT8pTuJm7actawdNmXtk4_zcZaT-rE73Yysx-bwXmAxa2E1fkWjwjWsyNTexHEwSyj8xoEGBZ5-jyaf2vMH7iSq9eWmgkVN0Wz-0j6klId8Wh4N-50gOE5ivtwCOO5LQ2hVtzhYg/s200/Phase1_group2.jpg" width="200" /></a>Over a six-week period, these students were then invited to the School of Psychology and Neuroscience and spent over 10 hours analysing and interpreting their data and preparing 8-minute presentations and academic conference-style posters.<br />
<br />
At the closing event, the students, who had been mentored by throughout the project, presented two 8-minute talks on the research projects and presented posters of their projects over tea and coffee.
<br />
<br />
The main objective of this outreach programme was to give school students a breath of research experience at a university level and, in this regard, PHASE 1 has been an unquestionable success. To put things in perspective:<br />
<ol>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBLAg2QH3lUXTlLUQjzC6adbbiVVQat-uxJmFnXy-jjb3u4hZNwCV4rJlkE9zABwE5ucJCk-l1JfqS-39zfYUdrwbu44xMGaviOOTQM9c1WxQWy8x2EhS6bWMDpbWN7Jy9aidBPIFAJY/s1600/Student+presentation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBLAg2QH3lUXTlLUQjzC6adbbiVVQat-uxJmFnXy-jjb3u4hZNwCV4rJlkE9zABwE5ucJCk-l1JfqS-39zfYUdrwbu44xMGaviOOTQM9c1WxQWy8x2EhS6bWMDpbWN7Jy9aidBPIFAJY/s1600/Student+presentation.jpg" /></a>
<li>The basic research fundamentals and types of analyses the students have performed with their data is at par with First Year Psychology undergraduates. </li>
<li>The use of SPSS statistical package to analyse data is at par with Second Year undergrads. </li>
<li>The ability to visually represent data in the form of a poster is comparable to Junior Honours level. And to receive supervision and give a presentation on one’s own research project is Senior Honors level and above. </li>
</ol>
<br />
The sold-out event took place at the Byre Theatre in front of close to 100 audience members made up of staff and students from The University of St Andrews and Madras College as well as the general public.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Tt_5Diw1YZ8kHJWO3-yprufSoPdwd-c1bvlVJIcD8CXCBHAbUvEfaJShalV5GfBvVSXz2NMUa8jf72YZdTkVIFlIysHpBeVcpCd-3cVuaZQaUN_fl5A2ltpnxKGtPJRqr0tY81gtOPk/s1600/Phase1+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Tt_5Diw1YZ8kHJWO3-yprufSoPdwd-c1bvlVJIcD8CXCBHAbUvEfaJShalV5GfBvVSXz2NMUa8jf72YZdTkVIFlIysHpBeVcpCd-3cVuaZQaUN_fl5A2ltpnxKGtPJRqr0tY81gtOPk/s1600/Phase1+group.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Student presenters</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
PHASE 1 also featured guest talks by Professor Dave Perrett, Dr Jamie Ainge and Dr Maggie Ellis from the School of Psychology & Neuroscience.<br />
<br />
We were pleased to welcome Professor Sally Mapstone (Principal and Vice Chancellor, University of St Andrews), Professor Keith Sillar (Head of School, Psychology & Neuroscience) and Mr David McClure (Rector, Madras College) at the inaugural edition of PHASE 1.<br />
<br />
Student Presenters: Aeonie Ramsay, Ross Lavin, Till Sprengelmeyer, Arin Beaver and Jack Laird
Mentors: Maneesh Kuruvilla (PhD Student, University of St Andrews); Brianna Vandrey (PhD Student, University of St Andrews); Dr Akira O'Connor (Lecturer, University of St Andrews); Mrs Catherine O'Donnell (Higher Psychology Teacher, Madras College)Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-16115916232433929842017-04-20T16:35:00.000+01:002017-04-20T11:11:27.092+01:00Cultural Enrichment of the Indigenous Peoples of Peru<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj36BJOgMp9RkvYLgc8zWULbnj37dVlBHAB_2KY99CJL4Tnr2MullSQZNiOO4obEZuYM206PwEbunGWLIVjV9SgD3dBFNoqwBMKhgfie99lo-cLihZ7iv6vYLT2su3MnnkhEJrv5V3kHcI/s1600/Hyland++Hybrid+Text+set+up+for+MSI+scans_cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj36BJOgMp9RkvYLgc8zWULbnj37dVlBHAB_2KY99CJL4Tnr2MullSQZNiOO4obEZuYM206PwEbunGWLIVjV9SgD3dBFNoqwBMKhgfie99lo-cLihZ7iv6vYLT2su3MnnkhEJrv5V3kHcI/s320/Hyland++Hybrid+Text+set+up+for+MSI+scans_cropped.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dr Hyland peering at the alphabetic/khipu text <br />(known as a khipu board) </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/sabine-patricia-hyland%283b30ab9c-2407-4965-9926-bcc0ad1b0477%29.html">Dr Sabine Hyland</a>'s fieldwork in the Andes has led to the first decipherment of a structural element on khipus (the ancient Andean writing system using knotted cords) in almost 100 years!<br />
<br />
A khipu is a series of coloured, knotted strings made out of various animal fur and fabric. In the past, scholars claimed that khipus were not an example of writing and that they were merely used as memory aides which recorded only numbers.<br />
<br />
Funded by National Geographic, Dr. Hyland journeyed to a remote Andean village to study a unique hybrid alphabetic/khipu text. Her fieldwork has provided proof to an alternative theory that khipus conveyed more complex meaning and could be linked to a form of writing.<br />
<br />
Dr Hyland's research has led to various outcomes including a book, <i>The Chankas and the Priest</i> (Penn State Press 2016), the first historical study of the Chankas ever written. In the words of the Director of Tourism and Culture for this region of Peru, her "book is the first publication which addresses Chanka history using primary source material. As a result, for the first time we can see our ancestors humanised - no longer 'enemies of the Inka' or 'bellicose warriors'. Dr Hyland’s research and publications give us a fuller sense of who we are as a people, and of the importance of valorizing, preserving, and celebrating the Peruvian cultural heritage.<br />
<br />
In the process, Dr Hyland has not only helped the people of Peru learn about anthropology and the importance of cultural patrimony but has trained and inspired many Peruvian students to have successful careers in tourism, history, archaeology, and related fields... we are also using her data to design exhibits for a new museum that is opening in Andahuaylas City this year."<br />
<br />
Her research on the ancient khipus has been featured in governmental publications for school children, distributed into every school and library of the Cusco region (pop = 2 million).<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Trailer for the National Geographic series, Ancient X Files, </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Season Two, Episode 3, <i>Decoding the Incas</i></span>
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Dr Hyland's research on khipus was made into a National Geographic documentary for the Ancient X Files series, called Decoding the Incas. In the research for this film, she was able to decipher the meaning of several elements on khipus, the first such decipherment in 100 years. Since viewing her film, leaders of other indigenous villages have invited Dr Hyland to study their khipus, previously kept secret from outsiders. The Indian authorities of one such community, Collata, have recently thanked her for "helping them to gain invaluable insights into the worth and meaning of their cultural heritage".<br />
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To read more: <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/stories/2016/the-chankas/">http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/stories/2016/the-chankas/</a><br />
<br />
Dr Hyland's research will feature on an <a href="http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/unearthed/unearthed-videos/unearthed-promo-2/">episode about Machu Picchu</a> on the Discovery Channel's series 'Unearthed'. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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More about Sabine's research is available on:<br />
<b>Current Anthropology/ Wenner Gren</b>: "<i>Cracking the Khipu Code: First Phonetic Inka Writing Found</i>"
<a href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/ca/pr/170419">http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/ca/pr/170419</a><br />
<br />
<b>The National Geographic</b>: "<i>Discovery May Help Decipher Ancient Inca String Code</i>"
<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/inca-khipus-code-discovery-peru">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/inca-khipus-code-discovery-peru</a>/<br />
<br />
<b>Discover Magazine</b>: "<i>Untangling the Ancient Inca Code of Strings</i>"
<a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2017/04/19/khipu-code-inca-language/#.WPeOwbvyuqQ">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2017/04/19/khipu-code-inca-language/#.WPeOwbvyuqQ</a>
<br />
<br />
Dr Hyland, of the <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/sabine-patricia-hyland%283b30ab9c-2407-4965-9926-bcc0ad1b0477%29.html">Department of Social Anthropology</a>, conducted ethnohistorical and ethnographic research on the Chanka people of Peru which was funded by the NSF, the NEH and the Mellon Foundation.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-49723373667854931522017-02-28T15:57:00.002+00:002017-02-28T16:22:27.267+00:00Music Planet - exploring research through music<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgRBxyJZcfl7vQQdIP1Yf7mq-IbztCUXXoC3KeyngFcA_nMuXoPWZeQf8xQOQ4tQBgmd_LwjSLBD7xtJnsz77vrYGfYPWbjOEoGIN06os8noXMwvTD16bJIz88SMIsKqo_FCAIHg8XXec/s1600/musicplanet_logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgRBxyJZcfl7vQQdIP1Yf7mq-IbztCUXXoC3KeyngFcA_nMuXoPWZeQf8xQOQ4tQBgmd_LwjSLBD7xtJnsz77vrYGfYPWbjOEoGIN06os8noXMwvTD16bJIz88SMIsKqo_FCAIHg8XXec/s200/musicplanet_logo.gif" width="150" /></a></div>
<a href="https://synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk/musicplanet/">Music Planet</a> explores the broadest concepts of Environment and Music. The series will draw on academic research across all disciplines from arts to social science and science to present new concepts that have an impact on all society. The series will present the research messages with reflections made through the performing arts from classical through to new contemporary music. From the comfort of the well-known to explorations in improvisation with both traditional and new composition Music Planet will challenge you to think deeper about life and your planet.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPP8EXop3Fv9yd-8tYT7XuTW5VF8YXAZFpzyW_w4edI56VlxOL58IlJE1XWn7RxE0sUn-z2_Whw6cpSxnHZUnyaDADYnIaBGhy7IIccQXCs-ZlhDi7dDFuCRyZiqOYZgdIHWxK1AHmXE/s1600/montage1-2-768x539.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPP8EXop3Fv9yd-8tYT7XuTW5VF8YXAZFpzyW_w4edI56VlxOL58IlJE1XWn7RxE0sUn-z2_Whw6cpSxnHZUnyaDADYnIaBGhy7IIccQXCs-ZlhDi7dDFuCRyZiqOYZgdIHWxK1AHmXE/s320/montage1-2-768x539.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Throughout the centuries, artists have used their chosen media to reflect on nature and human reaction to it. From personal experiences to depictions of catastrophic events works have been created to try and bring sense to natural environments and our place within them. Music Planet takes its theme from these reflections. It will present a series of performance events to reflect on environment in its broadest sense. Some events will focus on Environment in terms of natural elements such as climate and societies response to changes in climate others will explore societal attempts to control environments.<br />
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Each event is co-presented by artists together with groups of academics from the arts, social sciences and sciences in order to allow relevant aspects of academic research to be explored. The events are designed to be co-participatory with public audience becoming engaged with the delivery of the event. Before, during and after each event there will be on-line information for exploring further the academic research story behind the events.<br />
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Music Planet grew out of an idea that <a href="https://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/person/crb/">Dr Richard Bates</a> had to perform some of the late Sir Peter Maxwell Davis’ works and link into climate research being conducted by the <a href="https://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Earth and Environmental Sciences</a>. Sir Peter was an active campaigner on climate issues and cared passionately about the environment of his adopted homeland, Orkney. His music often explores sounds from natural environments and provides an inspiration to us all. From early discussions with the Music Centre at St Andrews and, in particular with the enthusiasm of Michael Downes, Jill Craig and Bede Williams, Music Planet was born.<br />
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The ever growing list of individuals involved in Music Planet include staff at the Music Centre, several Schools at the University of St Andrews, as well as some external organisations.<br />
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For a full listing of events, click <a href="https://synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk/musicplanet/news/">here</a>.
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-20554690294172011632016-11-14T15:07:00.000+00:002017-02-17T15:08:16.198+00:00TheoArtistry: The power of the arts to communicate the divine<a href="http://theoartistry.org/">TheoArtistry</a> is a new dimension of the work of <a href="http://itia.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/">ITIA</a>, the Institute for Theology, Imagination and the Arts, based in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/">School of Divinity</a>. Directed by <a href="http://georgecorbett.com/">Dr George Corbett</a>, TheoArtistry explores how ITIA’s research at the interface between theology and the arts might inform directly the making, practice, performance, curatorship and reception of Christian art, and transform not only the scholarly but the public perception of the role and the vital importance of the arts today in theology, Church practice, and society at large.<br />
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In <a href="http://theoartistry.org/projects/composers-scheme/">TheoArtistry’s inaugural project</a>, six outstanding young composers (from England, Scotland, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, and Canada) have been selected, from almost a hundred applicants, to work with <a href="http://intermusica.co.uk/artist/James-MacMillan">Sir James MacMillan</a>, Dr George Corbett, Kathryn Wehr, and six doctoral researchers from the School of Divinity, at the University of St Andrews. Over a six-month scheme running from September 2016-February 2017, theologians and composers are collaborating on six new choral works for non-professional chapel choir of approximately 3 minutes in length. The composers’ Scriptural settings will be performed by St Salvator’s Chapel Choir (directed by Tom Wilkinson) at a second symposium with Sir James at the end of New Music Week on 19 February 2017, and again by the choir during the liturgical year.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyNbcV8KDbBJhCdX6xZB62nhj8awpUpi3y6OXSSnpJOU8Fj5lG1E9PbKVzca6K-sJSfnsGYqcf6PsZN3bEKbLWONPWNjY9HAtURsjNKnboEK9F1JzhX1d_iMwt9_cbrnFy2vZBjfJ2VM/s1600/TheoArtisrty+Symposuim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyNbcV8KDbBJhCdX6xZB62nhj8awpUpi3y6OXSSnpJOU8Fj5lG1E9PbKVzca6K-sJSfnsGYqcf6PsZN3bEKbLWONPWNjY9HAtURsjNKnboEK9F1JzhX1d_iMwt9_cbrnFy2vZBjfJ2VM/s320/TheoArtisrty+Symposuim.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
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Dr George Corbett and ITIA researchers are also teaming up with <a href="http://quartercomma.wixsite.com/tomwilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a> and <a href="http://www.stsalvatorschapelchoir.co.uk/">St Salvator’s Chapel Choir</a> to produce a new <a href="http://theoartistry.org/st-salvators-chapel-choir/">TheoArtistry CD recording</a>. This collaborative project explores how an appreciation of the profound spirituality and faith of many composers in the Classical tradition may influence the performance and reception of their music. ITIA is providing expertise on the relationship between theology and music, research on the theological contexts of the musical programme, as well as help curating secular and liturgical performances by the choir.<br />
<br />Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-51526940138033817182016-09-26T14:12:00.001+01:002016-09-26T15:04:32.384+01:00EU-LAC-MUSEUMS: Museums and Community: Concepts, Experiences and Sustainability in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUsNwDRVPSA3zsFk2kdKsFttahIYzbt564pnhMo4J0hE39SVQV6dwwB8QUCJbh2Tm8wTGEQJ2bF3t7BkMT0pP9MJ6qmGriuCJZtSlc_SwvFvbC6vk3tia35CRcHetShNl2IUTy86u2fE/s1600/costa+rica+and+skye.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUsNwDRVPSA3zsFk2kdKsFttahIYzbt564pnhMo4J0hE39SVQV6dwwB8QUCJbh2Tm8wTGEQJ2bF3t7BkMT0pP9MJ6qmGriuCJZtSlc_SwvFvbC6vk3tia35CRcHetShNl2IUTy86u2fE/s640/costa+rica+and+skye.jpeg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-0bEuG_ViGzlrbgxTfJhiVOiUjmT7aDDYHZFHYtbZykxNvD09S32vIdzwOq62VhjlQnwhV0Uo0mfkxV1T_vWZ1ySZAetkaKFf0-zOXuPcyH3Kggmw9OBpGnOHxm_v1MZHuUavkbrCAU/s1600/KBrown.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-0bEuG_ViGzlrbgxTfJhiVOiUjmT7aDDYHZFHYtbZykxNvD09S32vIdzwOq62VhjlQnwhV0Uo0mfkxV1T_vWZ1ySZAetkaKFf0-zOXuPcyH3Kggmw9OBpGnOHxm_v1MZHuUavkbrCAU/s200/KBrown.jpg" width="146" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr Karen Brown</td></tr>
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Museums can provide vital services to their communities, providing under-represented people with a chance to stake a place in history, as well as contributing to sustainability, community empowerment and links between generations. <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/about/people/?mode=profile&group=staff&user_id=keb23">Dr Karen Brown</a>, Lecturer in the <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/">School of Art History</a> and <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/prospective/pg/mgs/">Museum and Gallery Studies</a> and Director of the University’s <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/research/mgci/">Museum and Galleries Collections Institute</a>, is leading a new EU-funded project exploring the role that small, community-run museums play in their communities. The EU-LAC-MUSEUMS project will run from 2016 to 2020, and investigate rural community museums in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean. It will bring together researchers from Scotland, Portugal, Spain, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, and the West Indies. The project has received funding from Horizon2020, the EU’s biggest ever research and innovation programme.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp-pgagFrb-qB9Uf5h6CghtFqJ2jq8mzW2R_XwyLi9CxhCbaW0ykjiqkLyqgViCYfmpz7Bof3d2DCuTEXvg9W6ic_Mxykp8d6mxlda6JrDJrYooz2YkqcP6uAvvrph0-IUfhNJ4MtjWR4/s1600/EU+Logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp-pgagFrb-qB9Uf5h6CghtFqJ2jq8mzW2R_XwyLi9CxhCbaW0ykjiqkLyqgViCYfmpz7Bof3d2DCuTEXvg9W6ic_Mxykp8d6mxlda6JrDJrYooz2YkqcP6uAvvrph0-IUfhNJ4MtjWR4/s200/EU+Logo.jpg" width="200" /></a>Over the next four years, the international team of academics will investigate how rural, community-run museums can inform museum practice, particularly for remote and island locations. Two of the museums involved are <a href="http://www.skyecomuseum.co.uk/default.php"><i>Ceumannan</i>-Skye Ecomuseum</a> in Scotland, and the <a href="http://www.culturacr.net/14/10/Museo-comunal-indigena-de-Rey-Curre-abre-sus-puertas-al-visitante.html#.V-j2AckqeKQ"><i>Rey Curré</i> Museo Comunitario</a> in Costa Rica, which is run by the native Boruca people. Both of these community museums are open air, and encourage visitors to explore the natural landscapes and traditional structures. It is hoped that the project will allow both academics and the public to better understand the benefits of, and challenges facing, such geographically isolated museums.<br />
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Dr Catherine Spencer</td></tr>
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As well as academic work, the EU-LAC-MUSEUMS project will hold a youth exchange, bringing young people from each region together to work on an oral history project with community elders. This project will allow young people to engage with their society’s history, explore other cultures, gain skills in research techniques and IT, and learn to work effectively in a culturally diverse team. Community museum members will in addition produce a Virtual Exhibition with the help of St Andrew’s Open Virtual Worlds (<a href="http://www.openvirtualworlds.org/">www.openvirtualworlds.org</a>). Some preliminary results from our first workshop in Shetland involving Alan Miller, Iain Oliver, Catherine Cassidy and Karen Brown can be seen here: <a href="https://sketchfab.com/models/cf20d43bd5e948c0bb53d82662ad30b9">https://sketchfab.com/models/cf20d43bd5e948c0bb53d82662ad30b9</a>.<br />
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The project will also see the creation of an exhibition of Caribbean Contemporary Art on the theme of migration, curated by an international team including Dr Karen Brown, <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/about/people/?mode=profile&group=staff&user_id=ces24">Dr Catherine Spencer</a> (School of Art History), Dr Alissandra Cummins (University of the West Indies) and Verle Poupeye (National Gallery of Jamaica). This exhibition will tour the Caribbean and Europe from 2017 to 2020, including representation in the 2019 Venice Biennale.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_bE_IZ4JiBJAnqTM4w0ta9ftlofVxcoH6jlTJTaS-6n01-DZ4XxST8gxcnATTBc-WIoGldEzcFTZrjCDCn3t9qf3Zh8XEn5fG49FKUPzYCpkpig_UB3X_0RVIpPFGs-_nZZkhKMuwa4/s1600/EULAC+logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_bE_IZ4JiBJAnqTM4w0ta9ftlofVxcoH6jlTJTaS-6n01-DZ4XxST8gxcnATTBc-WIoGldEzcFTZrjCDCn3t9qf3Zh8XEn5fG49FKUPzYCpkpig_UB3X_0RVIpPFGs-_nZZkhKMuwa4/s1600/EULAC+logo.png" /></a>A major partner in the EU-LAC-MUSEUMS project is ICOM (the International Council of Museums (<a href="http://www.icom.museum/">www.icom.museum</a>). Working with this organisation will allow the project to reach ICOM’s 35,000 members in 136 countries. The project will also reach the public through the Youth Exchange, exhibition and a website hosting all research output of the project, as well as audio-visual content and 3D models of museum objects.
The project website will be available at <a href="http://eulacmuseums.net/">http://eulacmuseums.net/. </a><br />
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EU-LAC-MUSEUMS: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693669.<br />
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<br />Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-63455797978021854432016-08-19T17:01:00.005+01:002017-02-10T08:26:42.478+00:00Light Box - bringing together culture and science<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmjoPqHF75PqlX3HALzuOili2WoBO1oeeexd3H00VCrn_HTovD33L41nPE0_c_VYF2jvdUHJ9y8OFBmRDBgWWT8M5Y0V4cMv8ohoa-LvXt8YlwwJaDIaDan1m9XPDFzi10CDxQKBt1-6E/s1600/lightbox.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmjoPqHF75PqlX3HALzuOili2WoBO1oeeexd3H00VCrn_HTovD33L41nPE0_c_VYF2jvdUHJ9y8OFBmRDBgWWT8M5Y0V4cMv8ohoa-LvXt8YlwwJaDIaDan1m9XPDFzi10CDxQKBt1-6E/s1600/lightbox.jpg" /></a><br />
<i>Light Box</i> celebrates light in all its aspects – solar, sacred, scientific, nourishing, and poetic. Produced as a result of meetings between Professor Crawford and McBeath and contemporary physicists whose work centres on light, the work juxtaposes a series of new haiku with specially taken photographs. The relation between poems and pictures is often teasingly oblique: neither simply illustrates the other. Instead, they ‘resonate’ together, each enhancing the other.<br />
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Exactly 150 years ago the great Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell published his most influential paper on electromagnetism (a paper crucial to Einstein). Maxwell had a scientific instrument called a ‘light box’. Nineteenth-century scientists sometimes wrote of light ‘resonating’. The new <i>Light Box</i> was produced after the poet and the photographer met leading physicists who work in optoelectronics.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/brp1flVZh_g/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/brp1flVZh_g?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Robert Crawford and Norman McBeath discussing <br />
using coumarin as part of a new photographic process.</div>
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'One of the physicists was the late Professor John W. Allen, who led a team that invented the
world’s first practicable LEDs in 1961. Though his early scientific
papers are now archived in the Science Museum in London, John Allen’s
story is not well known. When Crawford and McBeath met Professor Allen,
he showed them some of his early LEDs, which were then called ‘crystal
lamps’. Norman McBeath’s remarkable portrait photograph of John W. Allen
is part of <i>Light Box, </i>and the accompanying haiku sums up
Robert Crawford’s sense of this modest, tenacious inventor who, more
than fifty years after his innovative work on LEDs, was still in 2015 developing in St Andrews new ways of working with light.<br />
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Another pioneering scientist involved in <i>Light Box</i> is <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/PHP_Global/Staff_Info.php?its=idws">Professor Ifor Samuel</a>, who leads the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/polyopto/home.shtml">Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics</a> Research Group in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/index.php">School of Physics & Atronomy</a>, and whose work has involved perfecting new light-emitting materials. Several members of Professor Samuel’s group worked with the poet and photographer. One of the physicists, Vietnamese chemist Hien Nguyen who has synthesized for the first time a new form of the chemical coumarin, made her discovery available to Scottish PhD student Stuart Thomson who worked with Norman McBeath to use this chemical for the very first time in a photographic process. The result was juxtaposed with a haiku entitled ‘Aton’ (named after the Aton or Aten – the ancient Egyptian sun god) and features in <i>Light Box</i>.
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<i>Light Box</i> is available to view in the <a href="https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/digitalhumanities/fedora/repository/digitalcollections%3Aroot">Special Collections Department</a> of St Andrews University Library, but it is also published free online in a digital version:<br />
<a href="https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/digitalhumanities/node/195">https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/digitalhumanities/node/195</a><br />
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More about <i>Light Box</i>: <span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/stories/2015/light-box/">https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/stories/2015/light-box/</a></span><br />
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Commissioned by the University of St Andrews for the <a href="http://www.light2015.org/Home.html">UNESCO 2015 International Year of Light</a> and launched at the <a href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/news/news.php?id=283">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> on 23 February 2015, <i><a href="https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/digitalhumanities/fedora/repository/islandora%3A22789#page/1/mode/2up">Light Box</a></i> is an artistic collaboration between poet <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/crawford/">Professor Robert Crawford</a>, <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/">School of English</a>, and photographer <a href="http://www.normanmcbeath.com/">Norman McBeath</a>, many of whose photographs are in the collections of the National Portrait Galleries in London and Edinburgh.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Following on, the '<a href="http://lochcomputer.weebly.com/">Loch Computer</a>' project brings together writers, artists, computer scientists, humanities scholars and digital curators to ponder the meaning of remoteness and connectedness in the digital age. It is funded by a Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Research Network Award from the <a href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/index.php">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>. The project crosses traditional boundaries between arts and sciences, as well as between scholarship and creative practice. </span><br />
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The project led to an exhibition at the Edinburgh College of Art, and an artists's box book by Robert Crawford, <a href="http://www.birlinn.co.uk/Book-of-Iona-The.html">The Book of Iona</a>, published by Birlinn Ltd.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-20780193889158145762016-08-19T11:31:00.001+01:002016-08-19T11:31:47.885+01:00Communicating with people with advanced dementia<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinAjTfiw1TIUyrh8kw7JfJC48vFa1WcIjGyL3MrBtquKl57EtuNGx23tDC7VthDGH_1-hD38JIsih-q_lnmjYCzko1Zx7CK2IxBBkNNT-MDYh5ZF6bjrVi_vxMTf3J78dLm34AydacgFY/s1600/Dementia+care.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinAjTfiw1TIUyrh8kw7JfJC48vFa1WcIjGyL3MrBtquKl57EtuNGx23tDC7VthDGH_1-hD38JIsih-q_lnmjYCzko1Zx7CK2IxBBkNNT-MDYh5ZF6bjrVi_vxMTf3J78dLm34AydacgFY/s320/Dementia+care.jpg" width="320" /></a>There are 850,000 individuals with a diagnosis of dementia in the UK, many of whom are likely to progress to a state of advanced dementia. Professional care places a considerable strain on NHS resources and the distress that Alzheimer’s places on those living with the illness, their loved ones and professional caregivers cannot be underestimated. Much of this distress owes to the breakdown in speech-based communication that accompanies the illness.<br />
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People with advanced dementia who have lost the ability to speak are typically thought to have no communicative abilities or desire to interact and, as such, are typically excluded from the social world. Research by <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/maggie-ellis(449aeaf3-f314-4384-aec8-8345aeb799e4).html">Dr Maggie Ellis</a> and <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/arlene-jean-astell(2c30979d-49fc-48ef-8603-26f2bfee5811).html">Professor Arlene Astell</a> of the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/psychology/">School of Psychology & Neuroscience</a> has found that, despite a lack of speech, people with advanced dementia retain both the urge to interact and individual repertoires of non-verbal communicative capacities including sounds, movements, facial expressions and the capacity to imitate. These behaviours can be used by caregivers to re-engage individuals with advanced dementia in social interaction - an approach now known as 'Adaptive Interaction'. Organisations providing care for individuals with dementia have recognised the value of this evidence-based approach. For example, Alzheimer Scotland recommends Adaptive Interaction in a public document and the Alzheimer’s Society commissioned Dr Ellis to develop a <a href="https://maggieellis.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/">training programme</a> in the approach that is currently being rolled out to approximately 1000 volunteers across the UK.<br />
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While not eliminating Alzheimer’s disease, Adaptive Interaction supports the interpretation of behaviour as intentionally communicative and provides the means to engage with those living with advanced dementia. By supporting communication, Adaptive Interaction increases the wellbeing of those diagnosed and their family members and the job satisfaction of formal caregivers.<br />
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Research:<br />
Astell, A. J., & Ellis, M. P. (2006). <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/icd.455/epdf">The social function ofimitation in severe dementia</a>. <i>Infant and Child Development</i>, 15(3), 311-319.<br />
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Ellis, M. P., & Astell, A. J. (2011). <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/adaptive-interaction--a-new-approach-to-communicating-with-people-with-advanced-dementia(19a3d711-fa32-41ed-8c61-ff42c9f1f9f2).html">Adaptive Interaction - a new approach to communicating with people with advanced dementia</a>. <i>Journal of Dementia Care</i>, 19(3), 24-26. Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-27267104745982489922016-08-15T11:25:00.001+01:002016-08-15T11:54:06.188+01:00Footprints through our past<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigNHRMnJGgttnwEtPXidLNk-wdxsOKHzbx49aCgnmnhNSFi_spR1E7Crfq18X60u2jntptgQ0zpTYOu4-yLmKQ2_wjwqdXGIuSGxP26k1EScooYk8xNXQPVV2aBp4Q4NiEbxQeKxEjydE/s1600/prehistoric+man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigNHRMnJGgttnwEtPXidLNk-wdxsOKHzbx49aCgnmnhNSFi_spR1E7Crfq18X60u2jntptgQ0zpTYOu4-yLmKQ2_wjwqdXGIuSGxP26k1EScooYk8xNXQPVV2aBp4Q4NiEbxQeKxEjydE/s200/prehistoric+man.jpg" width="200" /></a>The investigation, appraisal, monitoring and management of cultural heritage requires quantifiable data not only of features that are extant but also of those features that cannot be seen today above ground or above the sea. Modern analytical methods provided by geophysics and geochemistry are providing the crucial data required by the archaeological and heritage community to unravel the traces left by our ancestors. The land and marine work conducted by <a href="http://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/person/crb/">Dr Bates</a>, of the <a href="http://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/">Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences</a>, while in the hydrocarbon and mining industry has provided a platform for the cross-pollination and development of new methods for ultra-high resolution investigation. For example, research on the submerged Neolithic remains around World Heritage sites in Orkney revealed a lost world (<a href="http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/exhibits/drowned-landscapes/">Drowned Landscapes</a>, part of The Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition in 2012) and hitherto unknown new sites at Stonehenge (<a href="http://sse.royalsociety.org/2015/stonehenge-underground/">Stonehenge Underground</a>, part of The Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2015).<br />
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The Royal Society video revealing a facsinating<br />
landscape of monuments beneath Stonhenge</div>
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In Jersey, wide-area survey of the flooded English Channel is used to <a href="http://www.nerc.ac.uk/press/releases/2013/81-neanderthals/">reconstruct the pathways of ancestors</a> as they hunted the now long-gone game (<a href="http://www.jerseyheritage.org/ice-age-island">Ice Age Island</a> museum exhibit).<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuzzdeNYRpuLVxlkcumjqm-XwoDs13u2C4Anu5ScE6DzroKW4KpXRcIElXHouitdBoPGBD2xBQRUZWZOAgPQzDW9R0elsQcE4MDZ1ndVESfAseZCVICQVuswiZqVWpiHU6kW4G5MIGzw/s1600/Happisburgh+footprints.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuzzdeNYRpuLVxlkcumjqm-XwoDs13u2C4Anu5ScE6DzroKW4KpXRcIElXHouitdBoPGBD2xBQRUZWZOAgPQzDW9R0elsQcE4MDZ1ndVESfAseZCVICQVuswiZqVWpiHU6kW4G5MIGzw/s320/Happisburgh+footprints.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Happisburgh footprints</td></tr>
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At Happisburgh (Norfolk) discoveries of nearly <a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/featured_project_happisburgh.aspx">1 million yr old footprints</a> stimulated world-wide interest (<a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0088329">Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK</a>, PLoS ONE) in this evidence of early human expansion in Northern Europe and has led to the latest DNA technologies being applied to reconstructing pathways over unexpected time periods (<a href="http://science.sciencemag.org.ezproxy.st-andrews.ac.uk/content/347/6225/998">Sedimentary DNA from a submerged site reveals wheat in the British Isles 8000 years ago</a>, Science). By using the whole of the southern North Sea as a reconstructed landscape, this on-going work hopes to establish ground-breaking methodologies with DNA for unlocking the secrets of many long-lost worlds.
In 2014, a special exhibit, <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25041-britains-earliest-humanity-in-epic-exhibition/">Britain: One Million Years of the Human Story</a>, was featured at the <a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/index.html">Natural History Museum</a> in London, which showcased two sites that have been the focus of Dr Bates’ research, <a href="http://www.jerseyheritage.org/ice-age-key-sites/la-cotte-de-st-brelade-">La Cotte de St Brelade</a> in Jersey and Happisburgh in Norfolk. [<a href="http://univstandrews-research.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/britain-one-million-years-of-human-story.html">Research blog post</a>]<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFKJssYcOuWfmSY6enTshmcXs3oBJQ1zEuTpHXIQINgHKQ9YYkZTpGAdAstsFOJOWufV8xd8B-GXu39rt7YsQH2wVeyKtICgZzVnkuxsapGWVxDn_DsgFQtkxm7Ou3D9AHfD-zVvPwGyo/s1600/Happisburgh+site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFKJssYcOuWfmSY6enTshmcXs3oBJQ1zEuTpHXIQINgHKQ9YYkZTpGAdAstsFOJOWufV8xd8B-GXu39rt7YsQH2wVeyKtICgZzVnkuxsapGWVxDn_DsgFQtkxm7Ou3D9AHfD-zVvPwGyo/s200/Happisburgh+site.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Happisburgh site</td></tr>
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At sea the new marine methods are revealing hitherto unknown sites left by our ancestors and causing a re-thinking of human response to climate change. While developments continue, many have now become standard practice and adopted by agencies such as <a href="https://historicengland.org.uk/">Historic England</a>, <a href="https://www.historicenvironment.scot/">Historic Environment Scotland</a>, as best practice following guidance (<a href="https://www.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/marine-geophysics-data-acquisition-processing-interpretation/">Marine Geophysics Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation: Guidance Notes</a>). Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-86495967670049396382016-04-08T13:02:00.000+01:002016-04-08T17:17:14.623+01:00Feeding the world<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaq5ssGA_RtsnlKbmbxkOgtgwLqef2CYyrhgz3MK0aWqRI0F5zGHdmR40cOjMOgvW3FsgzkqQGNH7BBZw_t0x8oBJ-MoWTXryzE_fAHhCJ_tj43VZi5dRGS-CR31k7tGzVfv0-dam699s/s1600/Fish.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaq5ssGA_RtsnlKbmbxkOgtgwLqef2CYyrhgz3MK0aWqRI0F5zGHdmR40cOjMOgvW3FsgzkqQGNH7BBZw_t0x8oBJ-MoWTXryzE_fAHhCJ_tj43VZi5dRGS-CR31k7tGzVfv0-dam699s/s320/Fish.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
Half of all seafood consumed now comes from aquaculture. Aquaculture production has grown by 6.2% a year since 2000 and by 2012 it had reached 66.6 million tonnes worth U$144 billion. Less than 10% of production currently uses genetically selected strains which have the potential to dramatically improve yield, sustainability, and the welfare of farmed livestock. In the face of increasing environmental constraints, the use of genetic selection will need to become the norm in order to meet increasing demand for seafood as the human population grows to an estimated 9 billion by 2050.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0cW0j_oZdHvgIEg_yjpWG2v-lNWbuJL2-Hpifiw76-09sRKLlDuqRRQhFg5NwnnDC6QzoTFzVxZbeZ3dxjBGtlkKLFgmCjfZ_M8UEi2CEsbEWjUsmrRKDrkv2WnuMJKsxbxIpfBRum0/s1600/iaj_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0cW0j_oZdHvgIEg_yjpWG2v-lNWbuJL2-Hpifiw76-09sRKLlDuqRRQhFg5NwnnDC6QzoTFzVxZbeZ3dxjBGtlkKLFgmCjfZ_M8UEi2CEsbEWjUsmrRKDrkv2WnuMJKsxbxIpfBRum0/s1600/iaj_.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prof. Ian Johnston</td></tr>
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Research carried out on fish physiology and genomics over several decades by <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ian-alistair-johnston%28dc0a5536-6ef2-42e1-8c23-d6b9fc85c3b8%29.html">Professor Ian Johnston</a> and his group in the <a href="http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Biology</a> led to an understanding of the genetic control of growth and fillet yield in Atlantic salmon, Scotland´s most important food export. The Biotechnological & Biological Sciences Research Council (<a href="http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/">BBSRC</a>) provided £883K funding in support of this research via Follow-on funding, two LINK grants and an Industrial Partnering Award. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is regarded by many as the future of aquaculture breeding. In MAS natural variations in gene sequence are identified which produce large gains in characteristics of commercial interest such as growth, yield and disease resistance. This enables improvements in a single generation compared with the decades required with conventional breeding programs. The Johnston group discovered natural variants of two genes which when selected together produced fish with 4% more fillet worth £600 per tonne. Last year global production of Atlantic salmon was £1.43 million tonnes.<br />
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The discovered genetic markers were patented and in Dec 2012 <a href="http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/contact/staffProfile.aspx?sunid=iaj">Professor Johnston</a> and <a href="http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/contact/staffProfile.aspx?sunid=tja8">Dr Tom Ashton</a> formed a university spin-out company, <a href="http://xelect.co.uk/">Xelect Ltd</a>, to commercialise the research. The company licensed its patented genetic marker for enhanced fillet yield in Atlantic salmon to SalmoBreed A/S which is part of Benchmark Holdings, one of the world´s leading breeding and genetics companies. Xelect has since developed similar genetic selection markers for increased fillet yield in Nile tilapia which have been licensed license to Genomar A/S, the world’s leading Tilapia breeding operation with operations throughout SE Asia. Nile Tilapia is a tropical species with an annual production of 3 million tonnes – 15% of which is for the fillet market. Using Xelect´s genetic markers, broodstock can be identified that will produce offspring with 4% more meat worth U$124 tonne. The company has an active program of research to develop markers for other traits and species and has received funding from the EU H2020 programme, <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/innovate-uk">Innovate UK</a> and <a href="http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/">Scottish Enterprise</a>. Xelect is also sponsoring academic research, including a BBSRC Industrial CASE PhD studentship at Aberdeen University and a project to support a biosecure hatchery in the Shetlands for blue mussels co-funded by the <a href="http://scottishaquaculture.com/">Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre</a>.<br />
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Xelect also leverages its expertise in molecular biology and seafood to provide genetic and flesh quality analysis services to an expanding range of business in the aquaculture supply chain. Exports now make up 60% of the company´s turnover. Xelect is becoming a strong, well-recognised brand within the industry based on a reputation for scientific excellence and exceptional customer commitment. The BBSRC recently published an <a href="http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/impact/salmon-genetics-technology-xelect-boosts-global-aquaculture-industry/">Impact Case study on Xelect</a> providing an example of the successful translation of basic academic research into a commercial enterprise with widespread societal benefits. <br />
Visit the BBSRC webpages to <a href="http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/impact/salmon-genetics-technology-xelect-boosts-global-aquaculture-industry/">read more</a>. Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-26917247067401172992015-08-06T17:01:00.000+01:002016-07-25T16:16:53.845+01:00Improving young people’s health and well-being<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7L452VPdRpe2WaSGDaVnFzcVrQeaaVgZAT7Ryiv2jtVK3SDzdMH2gp0y0WxGgBSmW3aD-xvhgxRy6-oqLJvc9edXmTE31wWbRfg436qFU8Zocyoa60UAJHzcpOYMXStgS_LSR3bD18g/s1600/leisure_kids.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7L452VPdRpe2WaSGDaVnFzcVrQeaaVgZAT7Ryiv2jtVK3SDzdMH2gp0y0WxGgBSmW3aD-xvhgxRy6-oqLJvc9edXmTE31wWbRfg436qFU8Zocyoa60UAJHzcpOYMXStgS_LSR3bD18g/s1600/leisure_kids.jpg" /></a></div>
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Adolescents make up about one sixth of the world's population, so policy and practice that improves the lives of young people is hugely beneficial now and for the future. In the current economic climate, most countries in Europe are faced with widening socioeconomic inequalities. It is key to our understanding of how these inequalities impact on young people’s health, to be able to track and measure the differences in health outcomes among children of deprived versus affluent families. The <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11205-005-1607-6#page-1">Family Affluence Scale</a> (FAS) devised by <a href="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/contacts/staffProfile.aspx?sunID=cec53">Professor Candace Currie</a>, of the <a href="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Medicine,</a> has been used to describe and quantify socioeconomic inequalities in health among young people across Europe and North America and these findings have been published by the World Health Organisation in their report ‘<a href="http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/armenia/publications/social-determinants-of-health-and-well-being-among-young-people.-health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbsc-study">Social Determinants of Health and Wellbeing among Young People</a>’. The indicator has been adapted within the context of the <a href="http://www.hbsc.org/">Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children </a>(HBSC), a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179852">major international study</a> which involves 43 countries across Europe and North America. FAS has been used to demonstrate that material deprivation impacts negatively on wide ranging aspect of adolescent well-being, including mental health, social relations, bullying, physical activity, eating habits and obesity. This evidence has been incorporated into policy events including WHO-HBSC Forums, bringing together policy makers and health programme developers from all over Europe to discuss the relevance of the findings for guiding their work. <a href="http://www.cahru.org/">The Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit</a> (CAHRU), established by Professor Candace Currie in 2000 and at the St Andrews since 2011, has been designated World Health Organisation (WHO) <a href="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/newsitem.aspx?ni=2020">Collaborating Centre for International Child and Adolescent Health Policy</a>. Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-62549518182516058992015-08-06T17:00:00.000+01:002015-08-06T17:00:49.281+01:00Tackling the global tobacco epidemic with geochemistry<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjekBwSy-WgnqTrHxRrxkl0XPt2c7E1vycvTle5rY3Zdqv5cQAKxpoV00oyD3ZV4AgmoilDWIuwZ39DCoPdIBkCwAygfs9MugQR8rn6g0_7QVubSYcvafIaglBLlVgOADLAu7euzTSubYg/s1600/Cigarettes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjekBwSy-WgnqTrHxRrxkl0XPt2c7E1vycvTle5rY3Zdqv5cQAKxpoV00oyD3ZV4AgmoilDWIuwZ39DCoPdIBkCwAygfs9MugQR8rn6g0_7QVubSYcvafIaglBLlVgOADLAu7euzTSubYg/s1600/Cigarettes.jpg" /></a>One in two smokers will succumb to a smoking-related disease and one billion deaths in the 21st century will be attributable to smoking. The <a href="http://www.who.int/topics/tobacco/en/">World Health Organisation</a> (WHO) is responding to this global epidemic with a variety of strategies within the <a href="http://www.who.int/fctc/about/en/">Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> (FCTC) to which 176 countries are signatories. Geochemical research at the University of St Andrews has contributed to FCTC policies and supports their implementation by chemically characterising and monitoring potentially toxic environmental metals such as arsenic and cadmium in <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241209670_eng.pdf">tobacco</a>. The group’s research has been helping to <a href="http://www.who.int/fctc/protocol/en/">combat the global trade in illicit tobacco</a> and its major consequences for health and for government revenues through taxation and criminal activity.<br />
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<b>The science </b><br />
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Approximately 5% of tobacco (dry weight) is inorganic with its origins in soils, atmospheric particles (natural and anthropogenic pollutants) and agrochemicals. Some of this is taken up through the plant roots while particles tend to adhere to the sticky and hairy surface of the leaf. Among this diversity of material are several “heavy metals”. Fundamental to determining whether these metals or metalloids might be toxic to humans is their chemical form (valence and molecular speciation). The contribution each metal makes to the harmful effects of tobacco smoke is determined by a combination of concentration and speciation. As a result of research conducted in the <a href="http://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences</a> (e.g. <i>Analysis of non-organic elements in plant foliage using polarised X-ray fluorescence spectrometry</i>, DOI: <a href="http://10.0.3.248/j.aca.2004.08.015">10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.015</a> and <i>Source and health implications of high toxic metal concentrations in illicit tobacco products</i>, DOI: <a href="http://10.0.3.253/es049038s">10.1021/es049038s</a>), it became clear that toxic metal concentrations, determined primarily by geographical location and legal status, varied by an order of magnitude. The speciation of arsenic in tobacco has now been determined and combustion (i.e. smoking) has been shown to generate the most toxic form (inorganic trivalent arsenic) in respirable smoke (e.g. <i>Controls on the Valence Species of Arsenic in Tobacco Smoke: XANES Investigation with Implications for Health and Regulation</i>, DOI: <a href="http://10.0.3.253/es4039243">10.1021/es4039243</a>).<br />
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Principal components analysis of inorganic elements
in tobacco <br />from global sources demonstrating provincial variability.<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
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Using an archive of tobaccos collected over more than a decade from most parts of the world, it proved possible for the first time to identify provinciality among tobaccos products. The figure illustrates that significant differences exist at the continental scale at least. This feature can be used to constrain the geographical origins of illicit products. The same dataset helps to identify regions on a global scale where tobacco smoking represents a major source of exposure to toxic metals.<br />
<br />
<b>Health and economic benefits </b><br />
Since 2004 FCTC has been the main driver of national and global policy on tobacco control. It is predicted that full implementation of FCTC will <a href="http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/7/12-113878.pdf">prevent over seven million premature deaths by 2050</a>. The unexpected discovery by the University of St Andrews group of high toxic metal concentrations, including carcinogens such as cadmium and arsenic, in most counterfeit tobacco products prompted HMCE (now <a href="http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/">HMRC</a>) to run a nationwide information campaign in 2004 (<a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/counterfeit_cigarettes_2004.pdf">"Counterfeit Cigarettes"</a>) sponsored by HM Treasury. The <a href="http://customs.hmrc.gov.uk/channelsPortalWebApp/downloadFile?contentID=HMCE_PROD1_031246">illicit share of the UK cigarette market</a> at that time was 18% but was halved to 9% by 2012-13. Evidence presented in <a href="http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/statistics/tax-gaps/mtg-2012.pdf">Treasury revenue reports</a> indicates that revenues recovered due to the range of UK policies for reducing the supply and demand for illicit tobacco since 2006 may exceed £1 billion. Evidence of the harmful nature of illicit products from the St Andrews laboratories was used to support this effort. Globally over $31 billion is lost in tax revenue. It has been suggested that 164,000 premature deaths might be avoided annually if illicit tobacco was eliminated.<br />
<br />
The University of St Andrews research into toxic metals in commercial cigarettes also highlighted legal Chinese tobacco products as among the most heavily contaminated so far analysed (<i>Cigarettes sold in China: design, emissions and metals</i>, DOI: <a href="http://10.0.4.112/tc.2009.030163)">10.1136/tc.2009.030163)</a>. China is the world’s largest tobacco-growing nation with the largest number of smokers. The adverse impact on health of habitual use of contaminated products by the Chinese population is not yet quantifiable but could be considerable. Currently, it accounts for one million deaths annually from tobacco use.
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-53173894819977054522015-05-26T12:09:00.000+01:002016-08-15T10:41:36.021+01:00Protecting our Ocean’s future<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWgdbX5uLuru8MCnHbpIpnW3Bg9maD8DNcr8aZc-PohucuOtmIP8U1FlEte-ALaSC933HjLoxNe_e24Z3ZplIxKvKC5ecZaGyRMQMYgx0OwN8SqxEVSdKBF6zl5uXdvYE70cjWUG1PGLQ/s1600/Greenland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWgdbX5uLuru8MCnHbpIpnW3Bg9maD8DNcr8aZc-PohucuOtmIP8U1FlEte-ALaSC933HjLoxNe_e24Z3ZplIxKvKC5ecZaGyRMQMYgx0OwN8SqxEVSdKBF6zl5uXdvYE70cjWUG1PGLQ/s320/Greenland.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
Public need for better methods to monitor, manage and protect international marine assets has motivated sonar methodologies research by <a href="http://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/person/crb/">Dr Richard Bates</a>, of the <a href="http://earthsci.st-andrews.ac.uk/">Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences</a>, and colleagues that has led to the establishment of over 107 internationally important sites of <a href="http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/index.htm">Marine Special Areas of Conservation</a> and <a href="http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/mczmap">Marine Special Protection Areas</a>. In 2009, all principal UK Conservation Organisations (e.g. Natural England, Joint Nature Conservancy Council, Scottish Natural Heritage) adopted, as mandatory, procedures on <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/rasse/library/pdfs/0103_Bates_020610.pdf">sonar methodologies</a> for benthic habitat survey, developed by Bates et al. within their conservation guidelines. The sonar methods used are part of internationally adopted practice, for example on fisheries protection sites, while at the same time providing stunning visualisation widely used for public understanding of the sites.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxUoztlU9Xx221zUxWtoD9yT6Q2uagMeB1OyQpbxoqToGgLr6b2J8mgR7tvkY0JGsTZCm5tIxEUh0yxculuiDUVY_GgNAUgoFCw5tzCiKsrB-_s7Gx5Vm7DGXyv60YdVm-eTR-MTRyFf0/s1600/Orkney.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxUoztlU9Xx221zUxWtoD9yT6Q2uagMeB1OyQpbxoqToGgLr6b2J8mgR7tvkY0JGsTZCm5tIxEUh0yxculuiDUVY_GgNAUgoFCw5tzCiKsrB-_s7Gx5Vm7DGXyv60YdVm-eTR-MTRyFf0/s200/Orkney.JPG" width="200" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdiuhJlxhEKKEUqlhty_4X24yvB-CzXNv5V29rO9yibzhdAN9s_OYnmyDyXewPd42KJpLV1h-z11BFVCTN41wa-CPv0zf9XmoI-kaE3E4_U37Q1jzAoEZ6NtGsxPRGcv4RsGApOfhVv2A/s1600/orka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdiuhJlxhEKKEUqlhty_4X24yvB-CzXNv5V29rO9yibzhdAN9s_OYnmyDyXewPd42KJpLV1h-z11BFVCTN41wa-CPv0zf9XmoI-kaE3E4_U37Q1jzAoEZ6NtGsxPRGcv4RsGApOfhVv2A/s200/orka.jpg" width="200" /></a>Since the early successes of the multibeam programme for habitat evaluation, a parallel research stream was developed for its use in studies of environmental change resulting from climate fluctuations.In particular a programme of research was stimulated by ground-breaking work on marine terminating glaciers in the Arctic highlighted by a series of films made for Greenpeace and the UN Climate Change Conference. The study of rapidly retreating glaciers and areas of sea-ice melt in Greenland, habitats to some of our most threatened species, such as the polar bear has since been the focus of documentaries for the BBC including Frozen Planet and the award-winning 2012 BBC programme, <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00tvcnx">Operation Iceberg</a>. As the marine environment continues to be the focus of every intensifying exploitation, new methods of analysing habitats and their inhabitants are being developed. The latest sonar technology, 3D real-time methods is the focus for recent work on cetaceans such as Orca and is now being explored by other research centres around the world, for example in Woods Hole, USA.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-6337457692764848122015-05-26T12:08:00.001+01:002015-05-26T12:08:52.440+01:00Pacific Connections: Euro-American and Pacific knowledge exchange <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrmv8t1lc75y_TojutGmNAYM1T_ga7P9w_ks7NK7eLaj1DvYHcfxIH7Zmfhuy-ErphAx_26vJ4CWfxtycJsLL7pF1QCUl7v162YqaIKi_G9T_I6MYCYe3T9Zq6hU4OdrQyK6rM8WB0Ds/s1600/Exchanging+skin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrmv8t1lc75y_TojutGmNAYM1T_ga7P9w_ks7NK7eLaj1DvYHcfxIH7Zmfhuy-ErphAx_26vJ4CWfxtycJsLL7pF1QCUl7v162YqaIKi_G9T_I6MYCYe3T9Zq6hU4OdrQyK6rM8WB0Ds/s1600/Exchanging+skin.jpg" /></a>The Min peoples of Papua New Guinea are renowned for their secret male initiation rituals. These knowledge-practices are a long-standing interpretative impasse known as the ‘Min Problem’ which has for over forty years defeated anthropologists. <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/anthropology/dept/staff/index.php?staffid=135">Dr Tony Crook</a>, Director of the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/anthropology/centres/cps/staff.php">Centre for Pacific Studies</a> (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/anthropology/">Department of Social Anthropology</a>) found a solution to the ‘Min Problem’, which was the understanding of the meaning of knowledge itself. A key finding was that the Min peoples take the differentiation and incommensurability of “knowers” and what they know for granted, and work by accommodating diverse positions rather than attempting to homogenise them. In this way, they avoid offending and collapsing the relations through which knowledge is made effective (<a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/berghahn/socan/2009/00000053/00000002/art00006?crawler=true">2009</a>). Thus, for the Min peoples, 'knowledge' (<i>kál</i>) is a water-like substance in the skin (<i>kal</i>) that circulates between people, plants and food gardens (<i><a href="http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780197264003.do">Anthropological Knowledge, Secrecy and Bolivip, Papua New Guinea</a>: Exchanging Skin</i> (British Academy/OUP)). Knowing this, the problem of conventional Euro-American encounters with Pacific lifeworlds was not simply a matter of cultural difference, but a completely different insight into knowledge exchange and understanding.<br />
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/anthropology/dept/staff/?staffid=150">Prof. Christina Toren</a>, of the Department of Social
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Dr Crook has since trialled and developed a practical method, ‘Pacific Connections’, for knowledge-exchange that acknowledges the value of respecting and creating differentiation as the relational basis for meaningful dialogue with Pacific peoples. Dr Crook’s research has been presented at the Westminster and European Parliaments, and led to invitations to speak to UK Ministers, EU Commissioners and Pacific Ambassadors on Climate Change and Millennium Development Goals. Dr Crook is implementing a research-policy knowledge-exchange for the EU European External Action Service (<a href="http://www.eeas.europa.eu/">EEAS</a>) Pacific Division and the European Commission in order to enhance the effectiveness of the EU’s presence and support in the Pacific region. Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-47689095251747539042015-05-26T12:08:00.000+01:002015-05-26T12:08:19.058+01:00The Light touch…<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
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Optical tweezers, miniscule forces that light exerts on micron-size particles, developed by researchers in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/research/index.php">School of Physics and Astronomy</a>, have empowered scientists to perform important studies on single molecules, cells and colloids without inflicting damage. The technique of optical tweezing is difficult and multifaceted, involving lasers, microscopes, imaging systems, specialized software and complex opto-mechanical design. The St Andrews Optical Manipulation Group has developed a number of innovations in beam shaping and applications for the optical tweezing and sorting market. This has led to the development of a suite of products, particularly for the biomedical sector, based on the group’s technology, resulting in more than £1M worth of sales in over 10 countries for the licensing company. The systems are regularly used to study single cells and even single molecules to help understand the biological world.<br />
<br />
The <i><a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/seeinglife/index.html">Seeing Light Through a New Light</a></i> outreach program has currently reached approximately 25,000 people across the UK Scotland. The aim of the program is to enthuse and excite the public about light and its use in medical and biological applications. Interactive shows, lectures and workshops are delivered throughout Fife, Scotland and the UK to school, family and adult audiences to show how light is changing our life. If you would like to book/request an event or activity or would like more information about the project please contact Kishan Dholakia (<a href="mailto:kd1@st-andrews.ac.uk">kd1@st-andrews.ac.uk</a>).<br />
<br />
The research and outreach project are funded by a number of sources, including the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council (<a href="http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/">EPSRC</a>), a Partnership for Public Engagement (<a href="http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/PublicEngagement/ActivitiesAndFundingForResearchers/PartnershipsForPublicEngagement/default.htm">PPE</a>) Award, <a href="http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/">Cancer Research UK</a>, the <a href="http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/dc/index.cfm">European Union Framework 7 programme</a> and the <a href="http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/">Royal Society</a>.
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-86775532781687793642015-03-03T17:10:00.000+00:002015-03-03T17:10:00.369+00:00The Fair Intellectual Club Research by the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/">School of English</a>’s <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/crawford/">Professor Robert Crawford</a> into the first of the great city rivalries of the English-speaking world – <a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048881">t</a><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048881">hat of Edinburgh and Glasgow</a><i> </i>– has inspired a play by the comedian <a href="http://www.lucyporter.co.uk/">Lucy Porter</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif_QOPh4cOAt9XD9VcjUdQbWvzdeIFVPiAEQnwehbMDgVOTN-1Fp3qHEu1H1AofyIL43zcaLga4Jf4fVu-Gav5V13VLP_7AEXvt3QzgoDDD59gKoyAP9Ish_qf_nHUuQ59L6ZtFVQnh6s/s1600/FairIntellectualClub.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif_QOPh4cOAt9XD9VcjUdQbWvzdeIFVPiAEQnwehbMDgVOTN-1Fp3qHEu1H1AofyIL43zcaLga4Jf4fVu-Gav5V13VLP_7AEXvt3QzgoDDD59gKoyAP9Ish_qf_nHUuQ59L6ZtFVQnh6s/s1600/FairIntellectualClub.png" height="206" width="320" /></a></div>
<i>The Fair Intellectual Club</i> produced by Stellar Quines and directed by <a href="http://www.stellarquines.com/productions/the-fair-intellectual-club/">Marilyn Imrie</a>, was received to critical acclaim at the Edinburgh Festival 2014, is currently touring the UK and will play at the Women of the World Festival at the <a href="http://wow.southbankcentre.co.uk/">Southbank Centre</a>.<br />
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Lucy Porter began reading Professor Crawford’s <a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048881"><i>On Glasgow and Edinburgh</i></a> with the intention of getting some insights into the rivalry between the two cities but ended up being inspired to write her play on reading about The Fair Intellectual Club, founded in 1718. Porter was alerted to the significance of events of the 18th century’s intellectual revolution for women, and began imagining in detail what contemporary women would have made of the philosophical innovations of their time.<br />
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Professor Crawford’s book revises familiar histories of the Scottish Enlightenment that are exclusively about men, exploring women’s stories such as those represented in the records of the Fair Intellectual Club, and it is this aspect of the history of Edinburgh and Glasgow’s famous standoff that inspired Lucy Porter to write her play.<br />
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Professor Crawford said, ‘whereas clubs such as the Cape Club or the Select Society where philosophers including Adam Smith and David Hume met Edinburgh lawyers, poets and thinkers - were men-only adult drinking clubs, the Fair Intellectual Club was determinedly different. In Edinburgh and the rest of Scotland university students were teenagers of the same age as the Fair Intellectuals — but they were all male. The Fair Intellectuals would have known local students, but couldn’t have joined their university classes. It’s tempting to hear the word ‘Fair’ in the title of <i>The Fair Intellectual Club</i> not just as a reference to the ‘fair’ sex, but also as a reproach to the unfairness of intellectual life in Edinburgh and elsewhere. [<a href="http://www.stellarquines.com/2015/02/11/meet-our-first-modern-day-fair-intellectual-prof-robert-crawford/">Stellar Quines Theatre Company</a>]<br />
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<i>The Fair Intellectual Club</i> has further inspired researchers, artists, comedians and thinkers to reflect on their work and performances in light of Lucy Porter’s play (see: the Stellar Quines' blog post from <a href="ttp://www.stellarquines.com/2015/02/17/meet-modern-day-fair-intellectual-susan-gerrard/">17 Feb. 2015</a> and from <a href="http://www.stellarquines.com/2015/02/18/meet-modern-day-fair-intellectual-susan-gerrard/">18 Feb. 2015</a>) as the place of plays by women themselves continues to be debated in 2015, 303 years after the Fair Intellectual Club was founded. [<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/stage/theatreblog/2015/feb/26/female-playwrights-national-theatre?CMP=share_btn_tw">A stage of their own: why female playwrights are still marginalised</a>]Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-3961365917249740032015-02-20T08:07:00.000+00:002016-03-09T11:28:30.412+00:00Philosophy education in schools<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3p2MNJlSytDZa7yuzD0RD9CY2jTrPmfcVY85_a7ZNaOADKkpVzAPXzdZ63fd6pgHG_sGcx1OFyZWy5vj7HyoHMsE5VR1mcRBiZ_HKoEh-zaUFpbQ_DkpM3Mibl7gsO01IQQ62FjFHnOM/s1600/schools07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3p2MNJlSytDZa7yuzD0RD9CY2jTrPmfcVY85_a7ZNaOADKkpVzAPXzdZ63fd6pgHG_sGcx1OFyZWy5vj7HyoHMsE5VR1mcRBiZ_HKoEh-zaUFpbQ_DkpM3Mibl7gsO01IQQ62FjFHnOM/s1600/schools07.jpg" /></a></div>
Coordinated by <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/dept/staffprofiles/?staffid=105">Dr Lisa Jones</a>, under the auspices of a <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/pops/">Philosophy-in-Schools Programme</a> (POPS), philosophers from the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/">Department of Philosophy</a> have informed, supported, and developed the work of teachers of philosophy in primary and secondary education, principally within Scotland where the teaching of philosophy has doubled in the last 10 years. To date, teachers from one-third of all Scottish centres (schools/colleges) delivering the <a href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/40754.html">Scottish Philosophy Higher</a> have received accredited philosophy training via a formal programme of <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/pops/teachers/">continuing professional development</a>. An annual ‘Study Day for Higher Philosophy students’ held in St Andrews, consisting of a day of lectures/workshops delivered to S5 (year 11-12) students and their teachers from schools all over Scotland. Materials used in <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/pops/students/">Study Days</a>, masterclasses and in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophy/pops/onlinemodules/">online modules</a> have helped in the design and delivery of the Scottish Higher syllabi.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTijhOcrbd6hn3Iw66KImSEYcUQd8eDCbnMpyCV-zbqwif1FdvobYIeKqXlOruHhDxgLOeLj75kqeGojQa_T-2d5TItmwBRIWjG90IkY1eY5-ycrQaSexVb4pP3sjzD3Ema3GKF2pluFs/s1600/lisaandcallum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTijhOcrbd6hn3Iw66KImSEYcUQd8eDCbnMpyCV-zbqwif1FdvobYIeKqXlOruHhDxgLOeLj75kqeGojQa_T-2d5TItmwBRIWjG90IkY1eY5-ycrQaSexVb4pP3sjzD3Ema3GKF2pluFs/s1600/lisaandcallum.jpg" /></a>Additionally, <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~bng/">Professor Berys Gaut</a>’s novel philosophical work on creativity has had an impact on the teaching of philosophy to very young children, mediated both through a book for teachers co-authored by Prof. Gaut and Morag Gaut, (<a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415619745/"><i>Philosophy for Young Children: A Practical Guide</i></a>, Routledge, 2011), and by events and personal contacts. In one primary school, HMI inspectors had commented specifically on the advanced thinking skills of the pupils, which their teacher credits to a method for carrying out philosophical enquiry sessions with very young children that she learned about in a series of workshops at St Andrews as part of the ‘curriculum for excellence’.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-20007612613757923432015-02-20T08:06:00.001+00:002015-02-20T08:06:43.696+00:00Psychological intervention to alleviate heightened fears of recurrence of cancer patients<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQimks0CW7UQJnL05NKK6qUSxlpy6aE31F01LWlL1HsIJzRsHTsvcKKdQ8omRPqNf-GoHwfFexlzhdSPCt4o-3JIsxkbluTYAu8kTVkEXfOpxDI8fFCqyLtE-iEktH2tkkaGjFHNt4QA/s1600/Rainbow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQimks0CW7UQJnL05NKK6qUSxlpy6aE31F01LWlL1HsIJzRsHTsvcKKdQ8omRPqNf-GoHwfFexlzhdSPCt4o-3JIsxkbluTYAu8kTVkEXfOpxDI8fFCqyLtE-iEktH2tkkaGjFHNt4QA/s1600/Rainbow.jpg" height="220" width="320" /></a></div>
Fear of recurrence is a major concern for many cancer patients, as highlighted in a <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11764-013-0272-z">major review</a> by <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/da/persons/gerald-michael-humphris%28a75308ea-2339-492b-a6c1-da1a2587d302%29.html">Professor Gerald Humphris</a> and <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~go10/research/">Dr Gozde Ozakinci</a> of the <a href="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Medicine</a>. The Adjustment of Fear, Threat or Expectation of a Recurrence (AFTER), developed for general cancer patients, includes an innovative validated Fear of Recurrence (FoR) measure. The measure identifies patients with high fear of recurrence in NHS oncology services to enable psychological therapeutic treatments to be targeted, thus improving the quality of patient care. AFTER is being widely and <a href="http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/18/3/336">successfully employed with cancer survivors</a> in UK cancer services and international oncology centres to reduce their FoR and depression. Additional funding is ensuring further implementation of the AFTER intervention into cancer services through training workshops and staff supervision to build a targeted service for NHS patients. A clinical service of the <a href="http://www.necn.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Humphris_AFTER_Workshop_2013-lite2pdf.pdf">AFTER intervention</a> is provided in the NHS Lothian Edinburgh Cancer Centre for out-patients, and training workshops on the intervention are currently being conducted to enable health professionals in England in their use. Other European and International Cancer Centres are also adopting AFTER for use in the EU and North America. Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-48865857889540854552015-02-20T08:06:00.000+00:002015-02-20T08:06:15.359+00:00Setting Penalties for Competition Policy<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0SjoKptYElEY_wdKHWeiFhDnLxq6Dzs90LyEShgEAlEcsf3D-1pUCQKVwBtv0NRT-uSXdAeXTcsOY5cm8xhfcgl5matfg2dDjAaPgyBpUtDa9D_SO7k1nU1RQoKwPKkwqDr2fUbrjgHw/s1600/competition-monopoly-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0SjoKptYElEY_wdKHWeiFhDnLxq6Dzs90LyEShgEAlEcsf3D-1pUCQKVwBtv0NRT-uSXdAeXTcsOY5cm8xhfcgl5matfg2dDjAaPgyBpUtDa9D_SO7k1nU1RQoKwPKkwqDr2fUbrjgHw/s1600/competition-monopoly-1.jpg" height="163" width="320" /></a>Most countries have competition authorities that enforce competition policy by identifying, stopping and penalising what are regarded as anti-competitive practices. The research of <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/economics/staff/du1.html">Professor David Ulph</a>, of the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/economics/">School of Economics and Finance</a>, and <a href="http://www.aueb.gr/pages_en/prosopiko/faculty_en_short.php?facid=1206">Professor Yannis Katsoulacos</a>, Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB) established for the first time the precise conditions under which, generally, an Effects-Based legal standard would be better than a Per Se legal standard in terms of (i) decision error costs and (ii) deterrence effects (<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2009.00393.x/abstract;jsessionid=B957E42D8E1ECB24B5B1B9D9F4E0ABAE.f04t04">2009</a>). This and <a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hart/ecj/2011/00000007/00000001/art00004?token=00531ce392a828e80cd75a666f3a7b6c2a403876556b664c7d6b3449264f655d375c6b687630502156e">subsequent research</a> led to their results that: (a) while legal uncertainty may sometimes be an argument for zero penalties, there were other circumstances under which it might lead to higher penalties; (b) timing factors imply that penalties should be lower than previous research suggested. These influenced the penalty policies of competition authorities in two countries: in the UK the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) – now superseded by the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/competition-and-markets-authority">Competition & Markets Authority</a> – and in France the <a href="http://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/user/index.php">Autorité de la Concurrence</a> (AdC). For OFT the research contributed to the formulation of revisions to their published <a href="http://www.oft.gov.uk/shared_oft/business_leaflets/ca98_guidelines/oft423.pdf">penalty guidelines</a>, and specifically a proposed increase in baseline penalty from 10% to 30% of revenue. For AdC it helped shape the formulation of the <a href="http://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/doc/notice_antitrust_penalties_16may2011_en.pdf">penalty guidelines</a> that they published for the first time.<br />
The research was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council <a href="http://www.esrc.ac.uk/">(ESRC</a>). Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-17313615528426528552015-02-20T08:05:00.001+00:002015-02-20T08:05:47.818+00:00English poetry goes digitalThe study of Medieval and Renaissance English poetry conjures up images of quiet libraries and beautiful volumes, but researchers in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/">School of English</a> are endeavouring to change this image.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaUQayh3RLrjMw6GFYSFybueSjfIKthHaaJA-vIchYA7Y6MIDK_KSM_myNL4cDo0zjF76diMBp5OVA4frhCvMmeWJAt7BECiwo6gnym6Wc_2noBOfCVScNPF73f0q3i2MsfQBzCCpoLTA/s1600/Shakespeare.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaUQayh3RLrjMw6GFYSFybueSjfIKthHaaJA-vIchYA7Y6MIDK_KSM_myNL4cDo0zjF76diMBp5OVA4frhCvMmeWJAt7BECiwo6gnym6Wc_2noBOfCVScNPF73f0q3i2MsfQBzCCpoLTA/s1600/Shakespeare.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a>“<i><a href="http://www.faber.co.uk/catalog/reading-shakespeares-sonnets/9780571245055">Reading Shakespeare’s Sonnets</a></i>” (Faber, 2010), by <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/paterson/">Professor Don Paterson</a>, twice winner of the T. S. Eliot prize for poetry, and partly a result of discussions with Renaissance researcher <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/rhodes/">Professor Neil Rhodes</a>, is a full-length popular commentary written from the perspective of a practising poet. Through Paterson’s collaboration with <a href="http://www.worldbooknight.org/">World Book Night</a> (WBN) new and diverse audiences were also found for Shakespeare’s Sonnets with the inclusion of a sonnet on the back cover one of each book that was distributed.<br />
Since then, Paterson’s work has been reinterpreted for new audiences and is breaking new ground with the launch of a highly successful <a href="http://www.touchpress.com/titles/shakespeares-sonnets/">The Sonnets by William Shakespeare</a>, a Faber/Touch Press iPad application which features a lightly re-written version of all of Paterson’s commentary, as well as him reading several sonnets.<br />
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Collaboration between <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/chris/">Dr Chris Jones</a>, researching the application of Old English in the work of modern poets, and <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/academicstaff/polley/">Jacob Polley</a>, a practising poet, resulted in several translations of, and new poems in dialogue with, Old English literature. “<i><a href="http://www.picador.com/Blogs/2012/11/Solve-the-riddle-of-Livings-from-The-Havocs">Livings</a></i>”, several newly composed riddles in response to those in the Old English Exeter Book, followed by a several new poems published as part of the award-winning collection, “<a href="http://www.picador.com/books/the-havocs"><i>The Havocs</i></a>” (Picador, 2012), which includes a poetic translation of the Old English “<a href="http://poems.com/poem.php?date=15758"><i>Ruin</i></a>”, made in a manner that imaginatively restores the damaged, fragmentary nature of this poem.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-wOW2ZPQyZY5DppE1U_2m358Dr9nq3uuavMe-C3Bt9ZInGO-062purSSTnaDW_66CTCDYgqp_fZqUAFtyDamplTJCFiVxPlmyQznUP4VrVGZcxtPmt7FNefdS2GfisvvYfgHkHrtjK8g/s1600/iPhone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-wOW2ZPQyZY5DppE1U_2m358Dr9nq3uuavMe-C3Bt9ZInGO-062purSSTnaDW_66CTCDYgqp_fZqUAFtyDamplTJCFiVxPlmyQznUP4VrVGZcxtPmt7FNefdS2GfisvvYfgHkHrtjK8g/s1600/iPhone.jpg" height="200" width="162" /></a>In March 2013, the <a href="http://www.stanzapoetry.org/">StAnza Poetry Festival</a> developed an online <a href="http://www.qraqrbox.com/trails">Poetry Trail</a> in conjunction with the <a href="http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Computer Science</a>, which includes a recording of Polley reading his contemporary Ruin as well as Jones’s poem ‘Borges on the Wall’, a poetic reimagining of Old English in a modern context. The <a href="http://www.qraqrbox.com/trails">Poetry Trail</a>, available as an App for iPhone and Android, guides literary tourists around the town of St Andrews by use of QR codes at several sites (including local museums, visitor centres, and independent cafes) where the user can listen to site-appropriate poems.<br />
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<a href="https://twitter.com/ExeterTwiddle">Tweetable riddles</a>, dubbed ‘twiddles’, Jones and Polley’s latest collaboration, is a Twitter collection of the Anglo-Saxon Exeter Book riddles in 140 or fewer characters.<br />
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The Poetry Trail was funded by <a href="http://www.national-lottery.co.uk/player/p/home.ftl">National Lottery</a> and <a href="http://www.creativescotland.co.uk/">Creative Scotland</a> and is promoted by <a href="http://www.eventscotland.org/news/2013/3/when-poetry-met-qr-stanza-launches-an-ambitious-new-digital-poetry-trail-in-st-andrews-">Event Scotland</a>.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-972744163058098712015-02-20T08:05:00.000+00:002015-02-20T08:05:18.772+00:00Porous material use in the delivery of biologically active gases <div style="text-align: right;">
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Nitric oxide (NO) is an extremely toxic gas at high levels which is extremely beneficial for healthcare at the right doses. The trick is delivering it safely to the treatment site. <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/da/persons/russell-edward-morris%2862d8ade6-032e-40cd-bff9-c6126320ffec%29.html">Professor Russell Morris</a> and his <a href="http://chemistry.st-andrews.ac.uk/staff/rem/group/">research team</a> in the <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/chemistry/">School of Chemistry</a> have successfully solved the major problem of how to safely retain, transport and deliver NO and other medically active gases to offer novel and effective solutions for a variety of healthcare markets, including the treatment of chronic wounds, and related therapeutic and biomedical applications where eradication of bacterial biofilms is required.<br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-ItalicMT;">Clinical studies on human skin show that zeolite-NO <br />technology
is non-inflammatory compared with <br />a major competitor (acidified nitrite).</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></i></div>
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The zeolites and metal-organic framework (MOF) materials that Morris’ research group have developed store the gas in a stable form that can be delivered in a customised manner, in terms of dosage and rate of delivery, to the specific biomedical application.<br />
The unique combination of highly porous materials and economically attractive, scalable chemistry offers cost-effective solutions to problems in industries as diverse as textiles, chemical consumer and water treatment. The research has resulted in seven patents and has led to the formation of two spin out companies: MOFgen Ltd, a spin out from the University of St Andrews: and Zeomedix LLC, a spin out in the US. Further interactions with ~70 companies internationally have resulted in 14 of the companies benefiting directly from the research, enabling entirely new products, entry to new markets and commercial opportunities.<br />
Pre-startup funded by EPSRC and Scottish Enterprise.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-68356806495668539342015-02-20T08:04:00.000+00:002015-02-20T08:04:22.240+00:00Fostering Local Film Heritage<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNBfvQo_dPu_niP05iANj-78qzNdGDiFFDTUaxVFG2fQ5NrkoeOQ3E_Ee7gGiMHeeDF59Zm6lzHyR3pxdV0fvlTDNk1zvHmMLCECc8Yp7e3Z2SesVAeHGEY8vy4I7mq0XVmSP9KynXSM0/s1600/Photo_Chariots+Fire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNBfvQo_dPu_niP05iANj-78qzNdGDiFFDTUaxVFG2fQ5NrkoeOQ3E_Ee7gGiMHeeDF59Zm6lzHyR3pxdV0fvlTDNk1zvHmMLCECc8Yp7e3Z2SesVAeHGEY8vy4I7mq0XVmSP9KynXSM0/s1600/Photo_Chariots+Fire.jpg" height="233" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Filming of Chariots of Fire on the West Sands of St Andrews, April 1980<br />
Image is courtesy of the St Andrews Preservation Trust Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The historical research of Dr David Martin-Jones, <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/filmstudies/staff_profiles/dr-tom-rice/">Dr Tom Rice</a> and <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/filmstudies/staff_profiles/dr-joshua-yumibe/">Dr Joshua Yumibe</a> as part of Cinema and Cultural Studies (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/filmstudies/">Department of Film Studies</a>), as exemplified by Dr Martin-Jones book, “<a href="http://www.euppublishing.com/book/9780748633913"><i>Scotland: Global Cinema</i></a>” (University of Edinburgh Press, 2009), has been supporting and fostering a thriving community-based film culture in St Andrews by calling attention to the historical, cultural, and economic value of film within the St Andrews community. Dr Rice and Dr Yumibe have been innovating archival, digital humanities projects in film studies utilising detailed local and national histories as a means of studying global history. This serves, in part, to examine the ways in which digital access is affecting the archival circulation of film culture and capital on a global scale. The research findings have spawned an open access website, <a href="http://cinemastandrews.org.uk/">Cinema St Andrews</a>, which uncovers and examines local cinema history and curates and contextualises digitised holdings, such as photographs, architectural plans, local interviews, and newspaper clippings, in partnership with St Andrews Museum (2011), British Film Institute (2012) and the Media History Digital Library (2013).<br />
The project has also been used to develop teaching programmes, which have been successfully incorporated across the curriculum in a local secondary school as part of their International Baccalaureate in English Language and Literature.<br />
In addition, the project cultivates local film culture, working with local partners. Such initiatives have resulted in exhibitions and a series of screenings in local venues, which make use of extensive local footage. As a recent example, in 2013 the project ran a film season that celebrated the town’s rich cinematic heritage by curating free film shows in historically significant local sites, helping to build a collaborative network with which to sustain a thriving film culture in St Andrews.
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-2666406054855726322014-12-12T11:08:00.002+00:002014-12-16T14:55:15.910+00:00Changing the governance of the credit union sector in Ireland<h4>
Conceptual Impact </h4>
<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/management/aboutus/people/academic/johnwilson/">Professor John Wilson</a>’s (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/management/">School of Management</a>) research has increased understanding of how credit unions have developed in different countries. Such work is especially important in the aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008, as many countries seek to strengthen their retail financial sectors. The research has had wide-ranging impact internationally on the ways in which policy makers, regulators and practitioners view the sector. Specifically, as part of the Irish Commission on Credit Unions, Wilson’s work was taken up in reports which made a raft of recommendations that were later adopted to form the basis for new legislation (Credit Union and Co-operation with Overseas Regulators Act 2012). This new legislation in turn has affected the governance, regulation, stabilisation policy and structure of the credit union sector in Ireland.<br />
<h4>
</h4>
<h4>
Instrumental Impact </h4>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyW18bzXHCGAP25hVrfEULBJ353HGJHNJahI8mIFLEnyYn3q_kB-ZetHfJdGwgDXebVNR_WVBdjYz01r4-9k_aPwoZ8RfNzeluv7UhyphenhyphenUz6xV0QZEqRPX7fvUAuUKjbFCg_Yu981Omkfgc/s1600/rbf_logo-sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyW18bzXHCGAP25hVrfEULBJ353HGJHNJahI8mIFLEnyYn3q_kB-ZetHfJdGwgDXebVNR_WVBdjYz01r4-9k_aPwoZ8RfNzeluv7UhyphenhyphenUz6xV0QZEqRPX7fvUAuUKjbFCg_Yu981Omkfgc/s1600/rbf_logo-sm.jpg" /></a>The non-academic reach of Wilson’s research is demonstrated by commissioned reports for the Scottish and Irish Governments and invited talks at the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in Washington and at Westminster Briefing Events in London (amongst others). The clearest and most significant impact of this research has been its influence on the credit union sector in Ireland where credit unions are central to the financial services sector (with 70% of the adult population members of credit unions). In 2011, following an IMF and EU bailout, the Irish government established the Credit Union Commission to investigate and make recommendations about their future role and operation. Due to his previous research on credit unions, Wilson was one of two academics appointed by the Irish government to the Credit Union Commission. His previous research and expertise were integral to the production of a report (2012) that formed the basis for legislative change. This led to structural change in the industry. The Minister for Finance for the Irish Government asserted that ‘<i>the work of the Commission will inform Government policy on credit unions for the foreseeable future</i>’; and the head of credit union policy at the Central Bank of Ireland noted that ‘<i>the Commission considered and discussed many issues in relation to credit unions and these discussions were informed by John Wilson’s knowledge of, and research on, credit union movements around the world</i>’. Wilson fed the results of his research into the Commission’s deliberations, and many of his findings and insights were subsequently reflected in the Commission’s interim and final reports:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.finance.gov.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=7012">Interim Report of the Commission on Credit Unions</a>. Dublin: Ministry of Finance, April 2012. </li>
<li><a href="http://www.finance.gov.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=7687">Final Report of the Commission on Credit Unions</a>. Dublin: Ministry of Finance, April 2012. </li>
</ul>
<h4>
</h4>
<h4>
Capacity Building Impact </h4>
The final report contained over 60 recommendations, which covered corporate governance, prudential regulation, stabilisation policy and sector re-structuring via the establishment of a credit union restructuring board.<br />
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The CEO of the Irish League of Credit Unions concluded that ‘<i>Professor Wilson’s interventions went a long way to ensuring that the recommendations, and by extension the legislative provisions based on those recommendations, benefited from his suggestions regarding the workability of various options based on his experience of other jurisdictions</i>’.<br />
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The Commission’s recommendations were endorsed by the Irish Ministry of Finance and approved by the troika of the International Monetary Fund, European Central Bank and European Commission. They were used directly to inform legislation in the shape of the Credit Union and Co-operation with Overseas Regulators Act 2012. The Commission’s report and its underpinning research have also received widespread media coverage in Ireland. In short, Wilson’s research informed much of the Commission’s deliberations and recommendations, which were subsequently adopted by the Irish Government and ratified in parliament via the production of new legislation. This new legislation in turn has been instrumental in affecting the corporate governance, prudential regulation, stabilisation policy and structure of the credit union sector in Ireland (much of which is contained in a new Credit Union Handbook published by the Central Bank of Ireland in September 2013). The Credit Union Restructuring Board in Ireland is currently engaged in facilitating the restructuring of the sector.
Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3323503382646289382.post-86009830399858346522014-12-08T12:01:00.000+00:002014-12-08T12:01:21.912+00:00Interfacing with historical reconstructions through Open Virtual Worlds<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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In a similar way as the PiXaR film <i>Brave</i>, set in an imaginary Scottish castle, introduced millions to Scottish landscapes or computer games such as Assassins Creed enable exploration of historic scenes, the Virtual Time Travel Platform (VTTP) of <a href="http://blogs.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/openvirtualworlds/">Open Virtual Worlds</a> enables authentic recreations of community settings as they were in their heyday. The combined experience of <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/alan-henry-david-miller%287a55fc9e-a605-4f0f-973b-79d2e84ea633%29.html">Dr Alan Miller</a>, <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/lisa-dow%28252f65ac-8748-449f-bde6-b36113c7d05d%29.html">Lisa Dow</a> and <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/colin-allison%28334edbcb-13ac-4ead-95f1-cee1457d7c6f%29.html">Dr Colin Allison</a> (<a href="http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/">School of Computer Science</a>) in both systems research and technology-enhanced learning, and the domain expertise of <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/classics/staff/rs43/">Dr Rebecca Sweetman</a> (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/classics/">School of Classics</a>), <a href="https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/da/persons/richard-fawcett%28195f2dd4-deee-4e89-84b0-e8ab083801d6%29.html">Prof. Richard Fawcett</a> (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arthistory/">School of Art History</a>) and <a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/staff/tomdawson.html">Tom Dawson</a> (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/">School of History</a>), has been instrumental in adapting and developing emerging 3D technologies to create digital interpretations of the past and connected them to local communities.
Where <i>Brave</i> presents a single pathway through a fictional narrative, VTTP enables visitors to explore authentic scenes; and, where Assassins Creed delivers pre-defined scenarios to a global audience, VTTP enables community participation in the creation and exploration of scenes directly connected to actual historical communities. Some examples are the Time installation which features a pre-clearance <a href="http://blogs.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/openvirtualworlds/reconstructions/Caen/"><i>Caen Highland Township</i></a>, a reconstruction of the St Kilda world heritage site, and the virtual <a href="http://blogs.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/openvirtualworlds/reconstructions/st-andrews-cathedral/"><i>St Andrews Cathedral</i></a>. The low equipment cost and support for content creation make embedding the VTTP available to small museums for the first time. The Timespan VTTP installation, for example, with a 300” wrap-around display, natural body movement control and visually powerful 3D graphics, forms a highly effective and interactive educational experience.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIrFwMf0ZZvpRA5t1MURhV3akcEqus-CBKT39S3sRm0iXVqrKp3bIunhX9Pp1sMTcCkRvFiHD9aUdHeGPQbYFZx-HFV8W5H0f_DvQso8qih6qgJMQ22QcYdF4-GmJiVcJNBGxbn8ap2CM/s1600/StAndrewsCathedral.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIrFwMf0ZZvpRA5t1MURhV3akcEqus-CBKT39S3sRm0iXVqrKp3bIunhX9Pp1sMTcCkRvFiHD9aUdHeGPQbYFZx-HFV8W5H0f_DvQso8qih6qgJMQ22QcYdF4-GmJiVcJNBGxbn8ap2CM/s1600/StAndrewsCathedral.jpg" height="103" width="320" /></a></div>
Additionally, the studies of S1 pupils at Madras College in St Andrews have been enriched as the history of the St Andrews Cathedral was "brought to life" for them with the interactive digital displays.<br />
A new mobile app detailing the mediaeval roots of St Andrews has been launched which allows users to explore 22 key sites across the St Andrews via a range of interactive and media tools. The app is free to download via the <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.medievalstandrews.app&hl=en_GB">Google Play</a> store and is available now and features the 1580 Geddy map, generously donated for use by the <a href="http://www.nls.uk/">National Library of Scotland</a>, and special 'guest appearances' from honorary University of St Andrews alumni Sir Sean Connery and Joanna Lumley. Expansion packs to the app are planned for 2015.<br />
The research was funded by the <a href="http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/Pages/default.aspx">EPSRC</a>, <a href="http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/">HEA</a>, and the University of St Andrews.Research Policy Officehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01106958001818330759noreply@blogger.comSaint Andrews, Fife KY16, UK56.339316 -2.796500000000037330.817281499999996 -44.105094000000037 81.8613505 38.512093999999962